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ls

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ÏÂÁîÃûÌÃ:  ls [OPTION]… [FILE]… ´¿´âµÄÊäÈë:

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# lsbin   dev  home  lib64       media  opt    proc  run   srv  tmp  varboot  etc  lib   lost+found  mnt    patch  root  sbin  sys  usr  www

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¼Ó option -l ËüչʾÁËȨÏÞ£¬ÊôÖ÷£¬Êô×飬¾Þϸ£¬Ê±¼ä£¬ÎļþÃû³Æ
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# ls -l×ÜÓÃÁ¿ 68lrwxrwxrwx    1 root root     7 8Ô  26 22:36 bin -> usr/bindr-xr-xr-x.   5 root root  4096 8Ô  26 22:39 bootdrwxr-xr-x   19 root root  2960 4Ô  11 12:59 devdrwxr-xr-x.  81 root root  4096 9Ô   5 17:09 etcdrwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 homelrwxrwxrwx    1 root root     7 8Ô  26 22:36 lib -> usr/liblrwxrwxrwx    1 root root     9 8Ô  26 22:36 lib64 -> usr/lib64drwx------.   2 root root 16384 10Ô 15 2017 lost+founddrwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 mediadrwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 mntdrwxr-xr-x.   3 root root  4096 8Ô  26 22:40 optdrwxr-xr-x    2 root root  4096 8Ô  26 23:00 patchdr-xr-xr-x  110 root root     0 4Ô  11 12:59 procdr-xr-x---.  12 root root  4096 9Ô  11 20:59 rootdrwxr-xr-x   26 root root   760 9Ô   7 21:50 runlrwxrwxrwx    1 root root     8 8Ô  26 22:36 sbin -> usr/sbindrwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 srvdr-xr-xr-x   13 root root     0 4Ô  11 12:59 sysdrwxrwxrwt.   9 root root  4096 9Ô  15 03:19 tmpdrwxr-xr-x.  13 root root  4096 8Ô  26 22:36 usrdrwxr-xr-x.  19 root root  4096 8Ô  26 22:55 vardrwxr-xr-x    6 root root  4096 8Ô  26 22:39 www

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ls -a (all) linux ‘.’£¨µã£©¿ªÍ·µÄÎļþĬÈÏÊÇÒþ²ØµÄ£¬-a¿ÉÒÔÅÌÎÊËùÓеÄÎļþ  ¡£
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# ls -a.             bin   etc   lib64       mnt    .pearrc  run   sys    usr..            boot  home  lost+found  opt    proc     sbin  .test  var.autorelabel  dev   lib   media       patch  root     srv   tmp    www

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ls -F ÒÔ”/”×îºóµÄ·½·¨Õ¹Ê¾Îļþ¼Ð  ¡£
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# ls -Fbin@   dev/  home/  lib64@       media/  opt/    proc/  run/   srv/  tmp/  var/boot/  etc/  lib@   lost+found/  mnt/    patch/  root/  sbin@  sys/  usr/  www/

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ls -r µ¹Ððչʾ£¬Ä¬ÈϵÄ˳ÐòÊÇ(a,b,c,d)ÕýÐòÕâÑùչʾ
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# ls -rwww  usr  sys  sbin  root  patch  mnt    lost+found  lib   etc  bootvar  tmp  srv  run   proc  opt    media  lib64       home  dev  bin

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ls -R ()µÝ¹éչʾ×ÓĿ¼
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz test]# ls -R.:data./data:img./data/img:car  product  user./data/img/car:./data/img/product:./data/img/user:

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ls -lS ƾ֤Îļþ¾Þϸ½µÐòÏÔʾ
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# ls -lS×ÜÓÃÁ¿ 72drwx------.   2 root root 16384 10Ô 15 2017 lost+founddr-xr-xr-x.   5 root root  4096 8Ô  26 22:39 bootdrwxr-xr-x.  81 root root  4096 9Ô   5 17:09 etcdrwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 homedrwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 mediadrwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 mntdrwxr-xr-x.   3 root root  4096 8Ô  26 22:40 optdrwxr-xr-x    2 root root  4096 8Ô  26 23:00 patchdr-xr-x---.  12 root root  4096 9Ô  15 22:03 rootdrwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 srvdrwxr-xr-x    3 root root  4096 9Ô  15 22:10 testdrwxrwxrwt.   9 root root  4096 9Ô  15 03:19 tmpdrwxr-xr-x.  13 root root  4096 8Ô  26 22:36 usrdrwxr-xr-x.  19 root root  4096 8Ô  26 22:55 vardrwxr-xr-x    6 root root  4096 8Ô  26 22:39 wwwdrwxr-xr-x   19 root root  2960 4Ô  11 12:59 devdrwxr-xr-x   26 root root   760 9Ô   7 21:50 runlrwxrwxrwx    1 root root     9 8Ô  26 22:36 lib64 -> usr/lib64lrwxrwxrwx    1 root root     8 8Ô  26 22:36 sbin -> usr/sbinlrwxrwxrwx    1 root root     7 8Ô  26 22:36 bin -> usr/binlrwxrwxrwx    1 root root     7 8Ô  26 22:36 lib -> usr/libdr-xr-xr-x  110 root root     0 4Ô  11 12:59 procdr-xr-xr-x   13 root root     0 4Ô  11 12:59 sys

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ls -g ²»Êä³öËùÓÐÕß(ÊôÖ÷)ÐÅÏ¢
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# ls -g×ÜÓÃÁ¿ 72lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     7 8Ô  26 22:36 bin -> usr/bindr-xr-xr-x.   5 root  4096 8Ô  26 22:39 boot-rw-r--r--    1 root     0 9Ô  15 22:20 cdrwxr-xr-x   19 root  2960 4Ô  11 12:59 devdrwxr-xr-x.  81 root  4096 9Ô   5 17:09 etcdrwxr-xr-x.   2 root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 homelrwxrwxrwx    1 root     7 8Ô  26 22:36 lib -> usr/liblrwxrwxrwx    1 root     9 8Ô  26 22:36 lib64 -> usr/lib64drwx------.   2 root 16384 10Ô 15 2017 lost+founddrwxr-xr-x.   2 root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 mediadrwxr-xr-x.   2 root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 mntdrwxr-xr-x.   3 root  4096 8Ô  26 22:40 optdrwxr-xr-x    2 root  4096 8Ô  26 23:00 patchdr-xr-xr-x  110 root     0 4Ô  11 12:59 procdr-xr-x---.  12 root  4096 9Ô  15 22:18 rootdrwxr-xr-x   26 root   760 9Ô   7 21:50 runlrwxrwxrwx    1 root     8 8Ô  26 22:36 sbin -> usr/sbindrwxr-xr-x.   2 root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 srvdr-xr-xr-x   13 root     0 4Ô  11 12:59 sysdrwxr-xr-x    3 root  4096 9Ô  15 22:18 testdrwxrwxrwt.   9 root  4096 9Ô  15 03:19 tmpdrwxr-xr-x.  13 root  4096 8Ô  26 22:36 usrdrwxr-xr-x.  19 root  4096 8Ô  26 22:55 vardrwxr-xr-x    6 root  4096 8Ô  26 22:39 www

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ls -lG Òþ²ØËùÓÐ×飨Êô×飩ÐÅÏ¢
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# ls -lG×ÜÓÃÁ¿ 72lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     7 8Ô  26 22:36 bin -> usr/bindr-xr-xr-x.   5 root  4096 8Ô  26 22:39 boot-rw-r--r--    1 root     0 9Ô  15 22:20 cdrwxr-xr-x   19 root  2960 4Ô  11 12:59 devdrwxr-xr-x.  81 root  4096 9Ô   5 17:09 etcdrwxr-xr-x.   2 root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 homelrwxrwxrwx    1 root     7 8Ô  26 22:36 lib -> usr/liblrwxrwxrwx    1 root     9 8Ô  26 22:36 lib64 -> usr/lib64drwx------.   2 root 16384 10Ô 15 2017 lost+founddrwxr-xr-x.   2 root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 mediadrwxr-xr-x.   2 root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 mntdrwxr-xr-x.   3 root  4096 8Ô  26 22:40 optdrwxr-xr-x    2 root  4096 8Ô  26 23:00 patchdr-xr-xr-x  110 root     0 4Ô  11 12:59 procdr-xr-x---.  12 root  4096 9Ô  15 22:18 rootdrwxr-xr-x   26 root   760 9Ô   7 21:50 runlrwxrwxrwx    1 root     8 8Ô  26 22:36 sbin -> usr/sbindrwxr-xr-x.   2 root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 srvdr-xr-xr-x   13 root     0 4Ô  11 12:59 sysdrwxr-xr-x    3 root  4096 9Ô  15 22:18 testdrwxrwxrwt.   9 root  4096 9Ô  15 03:19 tmpdrwxr-xr-x.  13 root  4096 8Ô  26 22:36 usrdrwxr-xr-x.  19 root  4096 8Ô  26 22:55 vardrwxr-xr-x    6 root  4096 8Ô  26 22:39 www10.ls -li ÏÔʾÎļþµÄË÷ÒýºÅ[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# ls -li

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ls -li ÏÔʾÎļþµÄË÷ÒýºÅ
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# ls -li×ÜÓÃÁ¿ 72  7628 lrwxrwxrwx    1 root root     7 8Ô  26 22:36 bin -> usr/bin1179650 dr-xr-xr-x.   5 root root  4096 8Ô  26 22:39 boot  4923 -rw-r--r--    1 root root     0 9Ô  15 22:20 c  1026 drwxr-xr-x   19 root root  2960 4Ô  11 12:59 dev917505 drwxr-xr-x.  81 root root  4096 9Ô   5 17:09 etc655362 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 home    17 lrwxrwxrwx    1 root root     7 8Ô  26 22:36 lib -> usr/lib    13 lrwxrwxrwx    1 root root     9 8Ô  26 22:36 lib64 -> usr/lib64    11 drwx------.   2 root root 16384 10Ô 15 2017 lost+found786434 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 media131074 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 mnt393219 drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root  4096 8Ô  26 22:40 opt1966081 drwxr-xr-x    2 root root  4096 8Ô  26 23:00 patch     1 dr-xr-xr-x  110 root root     0 4Ô  11 12:59 proc131073 dr-xr-x---.  12 root root  4096 9Ô  15 22:18 root   218 drwxr-xr-x   26 root root   760 9Ô   7 21:50 run    15 lrwxrwxrwx    1 root root     8 8Ô  26 22:36 sbin -> usr/sbin393220 drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root  4096 4Ô  11 12:59 srv     1 dr-xr-xr-x   13 root root     0 4Ô  11 12:59 sys2097153 drwxr-xr-x    3 root root  4096 9Ô  15 22:18 test393217 drwxrwxrwt.   9 root root  4096 9Ô  15 03:19 tmp1048578 drwxr-xr-x.  13 root root  4096 8Ô  26 22:36 usr262145 drwxr-xr-x.  19 root root  4096 8Ô  26 22:55 var1441793 drwxr-xr-x    6 root root  4096 8Ô  26 22:39 www

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ls -lt ƾ֤ÐÞ¸Äʱ¼äÅÅÐò£¨µ¹Ðò£©ÒÀ´Î½¨ÉèÎļþ a b
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz test]# ls -lt×ÜÓÃÁ¿ 0-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 9Ô  15 22:18 b-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 9Ô  15 22:18 a

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ls -version
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz test]# ls --versionls (GNU coreutils) 8.22Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.ÔÊÐíÖ¤£ºGPLv3+£ºGNU ͨÓù«¹²ÔÊÐíÖ¤µÚ3 °æ»ò¸üа汾<http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>¡£±¾Èí¼þÊÇ×ÔÓÉÈí¼þ£ºÄú¿ÉÒÔ×ÔÓÉÐ޸ĺÍÖØÐÂÐû²¼Ëü¡£ÔÚÖ´ÂÉÀýÄ£ÄÚûÓÐÆäËû°ü¹Ü¡£ÓÉRichard M. Stallman ºÍDavid MacKenzie ±àд¡£

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cat

cat,ÓÖÊÇÒ»¸öÏà¶Ô¸ßƵÂʵÄÏÂÁî  ¡£½ÏÁ¿¹Ù·½µÄ˵·¨ÊÇÏÂÁîÓÃÓÚÁ´½ÓÎļþ²¢´òÓ¡µ½±ê×¼Êä³ö×°±¸ÉÏ  ¡£Õâ¸öÎı¾Êä³öÏÂÁî¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´Éó²éÎļþÄÚÈÝ£¬½¨ÉèÄÚÈݵÈ£¬ÏÂÃæÎÒÃÇÏÈÈݼ¸¸ö½ÏÁ¿ÊÊÓõÄÓ÷¨  ¡£ÏÂÁîÃûÌà : cat [Ñ¡Ïî]… [Îļþ]…

cat -n Éó²é²¢ÏÔʾÐкÅ
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat -n a    1  this is a txt    2  hello every body    3  hello world    4  hahaha

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cat ½¨ÉèÒ»¸ö¿ÕÎļþ b
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat >b <<EOF> EOF[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# lsa  b

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cat Çå¿ÕÎļþÄÚÈÝ
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat >a<<EOF> EOF[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat a

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cat дÈëÄÚÈÝ(ÈôÊÇÔ­À´ÓÐÄÚÈݽ«±»ÁýÕÖ)
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat >a<<EOF> today is a good day> because off work> hahaha> EOF[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat atoday is a good daybecause off workhahaha

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cat ͬʱÏÔʾ¶à¸öÎļþÄÚÈÝ( bÖÐд³öhappy)
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat a > b[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat btoday is a good daybecause off workhahaha

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×·¼ÓÄÚÈÝ ¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½ÓÃÁËÁ¬¸ö>ÒÔºóÄÚÈÝÊÇ×·¼ÓµÄ
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat a >> b[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat btoday is a good daybecause off workhahahatoday is a good daybecause off workhahaha

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cat –help (ÈçÏëѧϰ¸ü¶à£¬¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¼ºÏÂÊÖʵÑé)
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat --helpÓ÷¨£ºcat [Ñ¡Ïî]... [Îļþ]...½«[Îļþ]»ò±ê×¼ÊäÈë×éºÏÊä³öµ½±ê×¼Êä³ö¡£ -A, --show-all           ¼´ÊÇ-vET -b, --number-nonblank    ¶Ô·Ç¿ÕÊä³öÐбàºÅ -e                       ¼´ÊÇ-vE -E, --show-ends          ÔÚÿÐп¢Ê´¦ÏÔʾ"$" -n, --number             ¶ÔÊä³öµÄËùÓÐÐбàºÅ -s, --squeeze-blank      ²»Êä³ö¶àÐпÕÐÐ -t                       Óë-vT µÈ¼Û -T, --show-tabs          ½«Ìø¸ñ×Ö·ûÏÔʾΪ^I -u                       (±»ºöÂÔ) -v, --show-nonprinting   ʹÓÃ^ ºÍM- ÒýÓ㬳ýÁËLFDºÍ TAB Ö®Íâ     --help    ÏÔʾ´Ë×ÊÖúÐÅÏ¢²¢Í˳ö     --version    ÏÔʾ°æ±¾ÐÅÏ¢²¢Í˳öÈôÊÇûÓÐÖ¸¶¨Îļþ£¬»òÕßÎļþΪ"-"£¬Ôò´Ó±ê×¼ÊäÈë¶ÁÈ¡¡£Ê¾Àý£º cat f - g  ÏÈÊä³öf µÄÄÚÈÝ£¬È»ºóÊä³ö±ê×¼ÊäÈëµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬×îºóÊä³ög µÄÄÚÈÝ¡£ cat        ½«±ê×¼ÊäÈëµÄÄÚÈݸ´ÖƵ½±ê×¼Êä³ö¡£GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>ÇëÏò<http://translationproject.org/team/zh_CN.html> ±¨¸æcat µÄ·­Òë¹ýʧҪ»ñÈ¡ÍêÕûÎĵµ£¬ÇëÔËÐУºinfo coreutils 'cat invocation'

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Óû§È¨ÏÞ

¸÷È˶¼ÖªµÀlinuxÊÇÒ»¸ö¶àʹÃü£¬¶àÓû§µÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ  ¡£¶à¸öÓû§¿ÉÒÔÔÚͳһʱ¼ä²Ù×÷ϵͳִÐвî±ðµÄʹÃü£¬Ò»¸öÓû§Ò²¿ÉÒÔ¶àСÎÒ˽ÈËÉÏ°¶²Ù×÷  ¡£Ò»Ñùƽ³£À´ËµrootµÄȨÏÞ×î´ó,ÎÒÃǾ­³£Ê¹ÓõÄÊý¾Ý¿âÒ»Ñùƽ³£»áÓÃÒ»¸ömysqlµÄÓû§,ÍøÒ³Ïà¹ØµÄÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÄÜÓÃÒ»¸öwwwµÄÕ˺Å,¸÷È˶¼ÊÇÖªµÀɾ³ýÅÜ·µÄ¹ÊÊ£¬Òò´ËÓÐһЩ²Ù×÷ȨÏÞÊÇÒª½»¸øһЩרÈËÖÎÀíµÄ  ¡£ÎªÁËϵͳµÄѧϰ£¬ÎÒÒÔΪÓÐÐëÒªÏàʶһÏÂËüµÄ»ù±¾ÖªÊ¶  ¡£

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³¬µÈÓû§:root (user id –UID) 0 ×î¸ßµÄÖÎÀíȨÏÞ  ¡£

ͨË×Óû§£º

    ϵͳÓû§ UID:1-999(rhel7  centos7) 1-499(rhel6)        ÍâµØÓû§ UID:1000+(rhel7 centos7)  500+(rhel6)

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UID:Óû§Éí·Ý±êʾ,Ψһ±êʾ  ¡£

linux×é·ÖÀà

×飺

×é·ÖÀà:

ƾ֤Õ˺ŵĹ¦Ð§·ÖÀà:           ³¬µÈÓû§×飺root GID:0           ͨË×Óû§×é £º                               ϵͳÓû§×é: GID 1---999                                ÍâµØÓû§×é: GID 1000+

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linuxÓû§ºÍ×éµÄ¹Øϵ

Ò»¸öÓû§ÊôÓÚÒ»¸ö×飬Ҳ¿ÉÒÔÊôÓÚ¶à¸ö×飬¶à¸öÓû§¿ÉÒÔÔÚÒ»¸ö×飬¿ÉÒÔÔÚ¶à¸ö×é  ¡£

linuxÓû§ºÍ×éµÄÏà¹ØÉèÖÃÎļþ

1./etc/passwd:Óû§ and ÊôÐÔÐÅÏ¢  ¡£

2./etc/group: ×é and ÊôÐÔÐÅÏ¢  ¡£

3./etc/shadow: Óû§ÃÜÂë and ÊôÐÔÐÅÏ¢  ¡£

4./etc/gshadow:×éÃÜÂë and ÊôÐÔÐÅÏ¢  ¡£

5./etc/default/useradd: ÉèÖÃÌí¼ÓÓû§¹æÔòÎļþ  ¡£

6./etc/login.defs:ÉèÖÃÓû§Õ˺ÅÏÞÖÆ  ¡£

linuxÓû§ÐÅÏ¢Îļþ

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cat /etc/passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/zshbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologindaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologinadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologinlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

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¾ÙÀý: root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/zsh

1.ÉÏ°¶Óû§Ãû:root

2.Óû§ÃÜÂëռλ·û:x

3.Óû§UID:0

4.Óû§×éGID:0

5.¶ÔÓû§ÕË»§µÄÐÎò:root

6.Óû§¼ÒĿ¼λÖÃ:/root

7.Óû§Ä¬ÈϵÄshell:/bin/zsh (ĬÈÏÊÇ/bin/bash)

linuxÃÜÂëÐÅÏ¢Îļþ

¸ÃÎļþÖ»ÓÐrootÓû§ÓжÁȨÏÞ£¬Ã¿Ò»ÐдæÒ»¸öÓû§µÄ¼Í¼£¬Ã¿¸öÊôÐÔÓÃðºÅÖ§½â  ¡£

cat /etc/shadowroot:$6$LxE7qiaZ$ZZXf/aCO1Zqs1oOS9WDutUk9rFOq4MOoSG9IeXq2f5sduGrgfYvzOWHZmJZFGC.0Of1DjCna0M.oQZTY8r00/.:17769:0:99999:7:::bin:*:17110:0:99999:7:::daemon:*:17110:0:99999:7:::

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9.±£´æ²ÎÊý

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2.×éÃÜÂëռλ·û: x

3.×éGID: 0

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zypper

rpm

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yum

rpm

rpm

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ÏÂÔØÍøÖ·: http://rpmfind.net

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5 : Ö÷°æ±¾ºÅ

4 : ´Î°æ±¾ºÅ

10 : ÐÞ¶©ºÅ

i586 : cpu¼Ü¹¹Æ½Ì¨

rpm : °üºó׺

yum

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Óï·¨: ps ²ÎÊý

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               a      ÏÔʾËùÓÐÓû§µÄÀú³Ì               r       ÏÔʾÔËÐÐÖеÄÀú³Ì               l        ³¤ÃûÌÃÊä³ö               u        °´Óû§ÃûºÍÆô¶¯Ê±¼äµÄ˳ÐòÀ´ÏÔʾÀú³Ì               f         ÓÃÊ÷ÐÎÃûÌÃÀ´ÏÔʾÀú³Ì               x        ÏÔʾûÓпØÖÆÖն˵ÄÀú³Ì

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  ~ ps auxUSER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMANDroot         1  0.0  0.0  43364  3596 ?        Ss   11ÔÂ03   0:01 /usr/lib/systroot         2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [kthreadd]root         3  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]root         5  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S<   11ÔÂ03   0:00 [kworker/0:0Hroot         7  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [migration/0]root         8  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [rcu_bh]root         9  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:05 [rcu_sched]root        10  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [watchdog/0]root        11  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [watchdog/1]root        12  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [migration/1]root        13  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [ksoftirqd/1]root        15  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S<   11ÔÂ03   0:00 [kworker/1:0H

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 ~ ps -efUID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMDroot         1     0  0 11ÔÂ03 ?      00:00:01 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --systeroot         2     0  0 11ÔÂ03 ?      00:00:00 [kthreadd]root         3     2  0 11ÔÂ03 ?      00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]root         5     2  0 11ÔÂ03 ?      00:00:00 [kworker/0:0H]root         7     2  0 11ÔÂ03 ?      00:00:00 [migration/0]root         8     2  0 11ÔÂ03 ?      00:00:00 [rcu_bh]root         9     2  0 11ÔÂ03 ?      00:00:05 [rcu_sched]root        10     2  0 11ÔÂ03 ?      00:00:00 [watchdog/0]root        11     2  0 11ÔÂ03 ?      00:00:00 [watchdog/1]root        12     2  0 11ÔÂ03 ?      00:00:00 [migration/1]root        13     2  0 11ÔÂ03 ?      00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/1]root        15     2  0 11ÔÂ03 ?      00:00:00 [kworker/1:0H]root        17     2  0 11ÔÂ03 ?      00:00:00 [kdevtmpfs]root        18     2  0 11ÔÂ03 ?      00:00:00 [netns]root        19     2  0 11ÔÂ03 ?      00:00:00 [khungtaskd]root        20     2  0 11ÔÂ03 ?      00:00:00 [writeback]root        21     2  0 11ÔÂ03 ?      00:00:00 [kintegrityd]

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ÊôÐÔÏê½â:

USER: Àú³ÌµÄÊôÖ÷

PID: Àú³ÌµÄID

%CPU: Àú³ÌÕ¼cpu°Ù·Ö±È

%MEM: Àú³ÌÕ¼ÄÚ´æµÄ°Ù·Ö±È

VSZ: Àú³ÌÕ¼ÓÃÐéÄâÄÚ´æ¾Þϸ

RSS: Àο¿ÄÚ´æʹÓÃÊýÄ¿

STAT Àú³Ì״̬

       R    ÕýÔÚÔËÐпÉÖÐÔÚÐÐÁÐÖпɹýÐеÄ£» S    ´¦ÓÚÐÝÃß״̬£»   T    ×èÖ¹»ò±»×·×Ù£»   Z    ½©Ê¬Àú³Ì£»   N    ÓÅÏȼ¶½ÏµÍµÄÀú³Ì   L    ÓÐЩҳ±»Ëø½øÄڴ棻   s    Àú³ÌµÄÏòµ¼Õߣ¨ÔÚËüÖ®ÏÂÓÐ×ÓÀú³Ì£©

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START Æô¶¯Àú³ÌµÄʱ¼ä£»

TIME Àú³ÌÏûºÄCPUµÄʱ¼ä£»

COMMAND ÏÂÁîµÄÃû³ÆºÍ²ÎÊý;

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ƾ֤cpu´ÓСµ½´óÅÅÐò  ¡£

  ~ ps aux --sort %cpuUSER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMANDroot         1  0.0  0.0  43364  3596 ?        Ss   11ÔÂ03   0:01 /usr/lib/systroot         2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [kthreadd]root         3  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]root         5  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S<   11ÔÂ03   0:00 [kworker/0:0Hroot         7  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [migration/0]root         8  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [rcu_bh]root         9  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:05 [rcu_sched]root        10  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [watchdog/0]root        11  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [watchdog/1]

µÇ¼ºó¸´ÖÆ

ƾ֤cpu´Ó´óµ½Ð¡ÅÅÐò  ¡£

  ~ ps aux --sort -%cpuUSER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMANDroot     21342  0.3  0.4 137184 17112 ?        Ssl  03:24   1:16 /usr/local/aegiroot         1  0.0  0.0  43364  3596 ?        Ss   11ÔÂ03   0:01 /usr/lib/systroot         2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [kthreadd]root         3  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]root         5  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S<   11ÔÂ03   0:00 [kworker/0:0Hroot         7  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [migration/0]root         8  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [rcu_bh]root         9  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:05 [rcu_sched]root        10  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [watchdog/0]root        11  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [watchdog/1]root        12  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [migration/1]root        13  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    11ÔÂ03   0:00 [ksoftirqd/1]

µÇ¼ºó¸´ÖÆ

top

ÓëpsÏà·´µÄÊÇtopÏÂÁî¿ÉÒÔÉó²éÀú³ÌµÄ¶¯Ì¬ÐÅÏ¢  ¡£

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Óï·¨: top ²ÎÊý

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²Ù×÷:

  ~ toptop - 11:38:42 up 13:15,  2 users,  load average: 0.01, 0.03, 0.05Tasks:  98 total,   1 running,  97 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie%Cpu(s):  0.2 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.8 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 stKiB Mem :  3881688 total,   229264 free,   543932 used,  3108492 buff/cacheKiB Swap:  1049596 total,  1049596 free,        0 used.  3026944 avail Mem PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND   1 root      20   0   43364   3596   2340 S   0.0  0.1   0:01.79 systemd   2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kthreadd   3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.14 ksoftirqd/0   5 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:+   7 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.33 migration/0   8 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcu_bh   9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:05.73 rcu_sched

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ÊôÐÔÚ¹ÊÍ:

Ç°ÎåÐÐÊÇÊý¾ÝµÄÕûÀíͳ¼ÆÐÅÏ¢  ¡£

µÚÒ»ÐÐ:

     11:38:42     Ä¿½ñʱ¼ä           up 13:15     ϵͳÔËÐÐʱ¼ä,ÃûÌÃΪʱ:·Ö            2 user         Ä¿½ñÉÏ°¶Óû§ÊýÄ¿            load average: 0.01, 0.03, 0.05  ϵͳ¸ºÔØ,ʹÃüÐÐÁÐƽ¾ù³¤¶È 1·ÖÖÓ,5·ÖÖÓ,15·ÖÖÓÇ°µ½ÏÖÔÚµÄƽ¾ùÖµ¡£

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µÚ¶þÈýÐУº

98 total  Àú³Ì×ÜÊýÄ¿ 1 running ÕýÔÚÔËÐеÄÀú³ÌÊýÄ¿ 97 sleeping ˯ÃßµÄÀú³ÌÊýÄ¿ 0 stopped  ×èÖ¹µÄÀú³ÌÊýÄ¿ 0 zombie   ½©Ê¬Àú³ÌÊýÄ¿ %Cpu(s): 0.2 us ϵͳÓû§Àú³ÌʹÓÃcpu°Ù·Ö±È 0.0 sy ÄÚºËÀú³ÌÕ¼ÓÃcpu°Ù·Ö±È 0.0 ni Óû§Àú³Ì¿Õ¼äÄڸıä¹ýÓÅÏȼ¶µÄÀú³ÌÕ¼ÓÃcpu°Ù·Ö±È     99.8 id ¿ÕÏÐcpu°Ù·Ö±È       0.0 wa ÆÚ´ýÊäÈëÊä³öµÄcpuʱ¼ä°Ù·Ö±È       0.0 hi   Ó²¼þcpuÖÐÖ¹Õ¼ÓÃ°Ù·Ö±È       0.0  si   ÈíÖÐÖ¹Õ¼ÓÃ°Ù·Ö±È       0.0  st  ÐéÄâ»úÕ¼ÓðٷֱÈ

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µÚËÄÎåÐÐ:

Mem : (µ¥Î»K)

3881688 total  ÎïÀíÄÚ´æ×ÜÁ¿229264 free    ¿ÕÏÐÄÚ´æ×ÜÁ¿543932 used    ʹÓõÄÎïÀíÄÚ´æ×ÜÁ¿3108492 buff/cache Äں˻º´æµÄÄÚ´æÁ¿

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Swap: (µ¥Î»K)

 1049596 total      ½»Á÷Çø×ÜÁ¿ 1049596 free       ¿ÕÏн»Á÷Çø×ÜÁ¿ 0 used             ʹÓõĽ»Á÷Çø×ÜÁ¿ 3026944 avail Mem  ¿ÉʹÓõÄÄÚ´æÁ¿

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ÎÊÌâÐÐ:

PID: Àú³Ìid

USER: Àú³ÌËùÓÐÕßÓû§Ãû

PR: ÓÅÏȼ¶

NI: Àú³ÌÓÅÏȼ¶£¬niceÖµ£¬¸ºÖµ -> ¸ßÓÅÏȼ¶£¬ÕýÖµ -> µÍÓÅÏȼ¶

VIRT: ÐéÄâÄÚ´æ×ÜÁ¿ virt=swap + res

RES: ÏÖʵʹÓÃÄÚ´æ¾Þϸ

SHR: ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¾Þϸ

S: Àú³Ì״̬

   d: ²»¿ÉÖÐÖ¹µÄ˯Ãß״̬   r: ÔËÐÐ   s: ˯Ãß   t: ¸ú×Ù   z: ½©Ê¬Àú³Ì

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%CPU: Éϴθüе½ÏÖÔÚcpuʱ¼äÕ¼ÓðٷֱÈ

%MEM: Àú³ÌʹÓÃÎïÀíÄÚ´æ°Ù·Ö±È

TIME+: Àú³ÌʹÓÃcpuµÄʱ¼ä×ܼÆ£¬µ¥Î» 1/100Ãë

COMMAND: ÏÂÁîÐÐ

kill

ÏÂÁî: kill

Óï·¨:

      kill [-s signal|-p] [-q sigval] [-a] [--] pid...      kill -l [signal]

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     -l ÁгöËùÓÐÐźÅÃû³Æ     -s Ö¸¶¨·¢ËÍÐźţ¨Ä¬ÈÏ£©     -u Ö¸¶¨Óû§

µÇ¼ºó¸´ÖÆ

²Ù×÷: ÁгöËùÓÐÐźÅÃû³Æ

  ~ kill -lHUP INT QUIT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE KILL USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM STKFLT CHLD CONT STOP TSTP TTIN TTOU URG XCPU XFSZ VTALRM PROF WINCH POLL PWR SYS

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Ç¿ÖÆÖÕÖ¹

  ~ kill -9 23423

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ÖÕÖ¹  ~ kill -15 22323

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ɱËÀÖ¸¶¨Óû§µÄËùÓÐÀú³Ì

  ~ kill -u superh

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  /proc ls1      21320  21628  240   392   7          diskstats    loadavg       swaps10     21342  21976  242   42    722        dma          locks         sys10353  21465  21977  243   44    7561       driver       mdstat        sysrq-trigger10509  21613  21978  244   442   8          execdomains  meminfo       sysvipc107    21614  22     249   45    803        fb           misc          timer_list11     21615  220    26    46    8179       filesystems  modules       timer_stats11010  21616  22285  261   466   8307       fs           mounts        tty11102  21617  22287  262   467   8327       interrupts   mtrr          uptime12     21618  22361  267   469   9          iomem        net           version13     21619  22363  268   476   acpi       ioports      pagetypeinfo  vmallocinfo14461  21620  22396  3     477   buddyinfo  irq          partitions    vmstat15     21621  22467  31    485   bus        kallsyms     sched_debug   zoneinfo17     21622  225    3198  5     cgroups    kcore        schedstat18     21623  229    32    505   cmdline    keys         scsi19     21624  23     33    506   consoles   key-users    self2      21625  23884  336   5217  cpuinfo    kmsg         slabinfo20     21626  23885  34    5515  crypto     kpagecount   softirqs21     21627  24     357   65    devices    kpageflags   stat

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free

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Óï·¨: free ²ÎÊý

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 -b, --bytes        byteΪµ¥Î»Õ¹Ê¾ -k, --kilo            kΪµ¥Î»Õ¹Ê¾ -m, --mega       mΪµ¥Î»Õ¹Ê¾ -g, --giga           gΪµ¥Î»Õ¹Ê¾

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²Ù×÷:

  ~ free -m             total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   availableMem:           3790         536         210           2        3043        2950Swap:          1024           0        1024

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µ¥Î»ÎªgÏÔʾ  ¡£

  ~ free -h            total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   availableMem:           3.7G        538M        207M        2.4M        3.0G        2.9GSwap:          1.0G          0B        1.0G

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which : Éó²éÖ´ÐÐÎļþµÄλÖÃ¡£whereis : Éó²é¿ÉÖ´ÐÐÎļþλÖúÍÏà¹ØÎļþ¡£locate : ÅäºÏÊý¾Ý¿â»º´æ£¬¿ìËÙÉó²éÎļþµÄλÖÃ¡£grep : ¹ýÂËÆ¥Å䣬ËûÊÇÒ»¸öÎļþËÑË÷¹¤¾ß¡£find  :  ¿ÉÒÔƾ֤Ìõ¼þÉó²éÎļþ¡£

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which

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Óï·¨: which ²ÎÊý ÅÌÎÊÄ¿µÄ

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          --all, -a      ÏÔʾËùÓеÄÆ¥Åä·¾¶

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²Ù×÷:

  ~ which pwd/usr/bin/pwd

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whereis

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Óï·¨: whereis ²ÎÊý ÅÌÎÊÄ¿µÄ

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           Ò»Ñùƽ³£²»¼Ó²ÎÊýʹÓà         -b         Ö»ËÑË÷¶þ½øÖÆÎļþ         -B <Ŀ¼>  ½ç˵¶þ½øÖÆÎļþ²éÕÒ·¾¶         -m         Ö»ËÑË÷ man ÊÖ²á         -M <Ŀ¼>  ½ç˵ man ÊÖ²á²éÕÒ·¾¶         -s         Ö»ËÑË÷Ô´´úÂë         -S <Ŀ¼>  ½ç˵Դ´úÂë²éÕÒ·¾¶

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²Ù×÷:

  ~ whereis lsls: /usr/bin/ls /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz

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locate

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Óï·¨: locate ÎļþÃû

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²Ù×÷: locateºÍfindÏÂÁЧ²îδ¼¸£¬¿ÉÊÇËÑË÷ЧÂʸü¸ß£¬ÓÉÓÚlocate²éµÄÊÇÊý¾Ý¿â¶øfind²éÕÒµÄÊÇĿ¼Îļþ  ¡£

Êý¾Ý¿â:

  ~ ls /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db/var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db

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Ïà¹ØÉèÖÃÎļþ:

  ~ ls /etc/updatedb.conf/etc/updatedb.conf

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Ïà¹Ø׼ʱʹÃü:

  ~ ls /etc/cron.daily/mlocate/etc/cron.daily/mlocate

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¾ÙÀý:

  ~ touch shafa  ~ locate shafa  ~ updatedb  ~ locate shafa/root/shafa

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×¢£ºÈôÊÇÎÒÃǵ±Ììн¨µÄÎļþ²éÕÒ£¬ÐèÒªÊÖ¶¯updatedb  ¡£

ËÑË÷ÃñÖÚºÅLinux¾Í¸ÃÕâÑùѧ»Ø¸´¡°È¨ÏÞϵͳ¡±£¬ËÍÄãÒ»·Ý¾ªÏ²Àñ°ü  ¡£

grep

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            -v       È¡·´            -i        ºöÂÔ¾Þϸд            -n        Êä³öµÄͬʱ´òÓ¡ÐкŠ           ^*        ÒÔ*¿ªÍ·            *$         ÒÔ*×îºó            ^$         ¿ÕÐÐ

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²Ù×÷:

²é /etc/passwdÓÐrootµÄÐÐ

  ~ grep root /etc/passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/zshoperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

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²é /etc/passwd ûÓÐrootµÄÐÐ(ÄÚÈݽ϶࣬½ûչʾ¼¸ÐÐ)

  ~ grep -v root /etc/passwdbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologindaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologinadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologinlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologinsync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

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²é /etc/passwd ÓÐwwwµÄÐв¢ÏÔʾÐкÅ

  ~ grep -n www /etc/passwd23:www:x:1000:1000::/home/www:/sbin/nologin

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find

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Óï·¨£ºfind ·¾¶ ²ÎÊý Êä³ö

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            ·¾¶: ÀýÈçÓà . À´ÌåÏÖÄ¿½ñĿ¼£¬Óà / À´ÌåÏÖϵͳ¸ùĿ¼¡£           -print£ºÏÔʾµÄʱ¼ä¡±\n¡±×öΪ¶¨½ç·û, »»ÐÐ          -print0£ºÓëxargsÅäÌ×ʹÓã¬ÒÔ¡°\0¡±×öΪ¶¨½ç·û

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find³£ÓÃÏÂÁîÑ¡Ïî:

-name   ƾ֤ÎļþÃû²éÕÒÎļþ¡£¡°Ãû³Æ¡±-perm   ƾ֤ÎļþȨÏÞÀ´²éÕÒÎļþ¡£666 777 µÈ-depth  ÔÚ²éÕÒÎļþʱ£¬Ê×ÏȲéÕÒÄ¿½ñĿ¼ÖеÄÎļþ£¬È»ºóÔÙÔÚÆä×ÓĿ¼ÖвéÕÒ-user   ƾ֤ÎļþÊôÖ÷À´²éÕÒÎļþ -atime  -ctime (µ¥Î»ÊÇÌì) -mmin -cmin  -amin(µ¥Î»ÊÇ·ÖÖÓ) -size n [c] ²éÕÒÎļþ³¤¶ÈΪn¿éµÄÎļþ£¬´øÓÐcʱÌåÏÖÎļþ³¤¶ÈÒÔ×Ö½Ú¼Æ -follow  ÈôÊÇfindÏÂÁîÓöµ½·ûºÅÁ´½ÓÎļþ£¬¾Í¸ú×ÙÖÁÁ´½ÓËùÖ¸ÏòµÄÎļþ¡£

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²Ù×÷:

Éó²éÄ¿½ñĿ¼ÏÂtest.¿ªÍ·µÄÎļþ

  ~ find . -name "test*"./test.txt./autojump/tests./test.1

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Éó²éÄ¿½ñĿ¼ÏÂtest.¿ªÍ·µÄÎļþ,Êä³öЧ¹û»»ÐÐÏÔʾ(ĬÈÏ)

  ~ find . -name "test*" -print./test.txt./autojump/tests./test.1

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Éó²éÄ¿½ñĿ¼ÏÂtest.¿ªÍ·µÄÎļþ,Êä³öЧ¹û²»»»ÐÐÏÔʾ

  ~ find . -name "test*" -print0./test.txt./autojump/tests./test.1

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¶Ô²éÕÒµÄÄÚÈÝÖ´ÐÐÏìÓ¦ÏÂÁî

ĬÈÏÖ´ÐÐÐж¯ : -print

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              -exec  Õâ¸ö²ÎÊýºó¿ÉÒÔ¸ú×Ô½ç˵shellÏÂÁî

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ÅÌÎÊ.txt×îºóµÄÎļþ²¢ÓÃlsÅÌÎÊÆä¸ü¶àÊôÐÔ

  test find . -name "*.txt" -exec ls -l {} \;-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 11ÔÂ  4 14:56 ./xq1.txt-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 11ÔÂ  4 14:56 ./xq.txt-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 11ÔÂ  4 14:56 ./xq2.txt

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ÅÌÎÊ.txt×îºóµÄÎļþ²¢Äð³É.bak×îºóµÄÎļþ

  test find . -name "*.txt" -exec mv {} {}.bak \;  test lsxq1.txt.bak  xq2.txt.bak  xq.txt.bak

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Âß¼­ÅÌÎÊ:

        -a  ²¢ÇÒ        -o  »òÕß         +  ¸ßÓÚ         -   µÍÓÚ

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  test find . -name "*.sh" -o -name "*.q"./book.q./stop.sh./start.sh

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Éó²é.sh×îºó²¢ÇÒs¿ªÍ·µÄÎļþ  ¡£

  test find . -name "*.sh" -a -name "s*"./stop.sh./start.sh

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  test ll×ÜÓÃÁ¿ 12K-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  9 11Ô  4 15:10 book.q-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 11Ô  4 15:10 start.sh-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4 11Ô  4 15:10 stop.sh-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 11Ô  4 14:56 xq1.txt.bak-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 11Ô  4 14:56 xq2.txt.bak-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  0 11Ô  4 14:56 xq.txt.bak

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Éó²é/etc ´óÓÚ40kСÓÚ50kµÄÎļþ

  test find /etc/ -size +40k -a -size  -50k/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/sysadm/hll/etc/selinux/targeted/contexts/files/file_contexts.homedirs.bin

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crontab( ׼ʱʹÃü): ƾ֤Äã Äã»®¶¨µÄÖÜÆÚ Ñ­»·ÖÏÏ¢¸Ð  ¡£

at (ÔÝʱʹÃü): Ö´ÐÐÒ»´Î¾Í¿¢ÊµÄʹÃü  ¡£

atµÄʹÓÃ

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         -l    Éó²éʹÃüÁÐ±í         -c   Éó²éʹÃüÏêÇé

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[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# systemctl status atd¡ñ atd.service - Job spooling tools  Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/atd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)  Active: active (running) since ¶þ 2018-11-13 11:50:47 CST; 1 day 9h agoMain PID: 491 (atd)  CGroup: /system.slice/atd.service          ©¸©¤491 /usr/sbin/atd -f11Ô 13 11:50:47 iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz systemd[1]: Started Job spooling tools.11Ô 13 11:50:47 iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz systemd[1]: Starting Job spooling tools...

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¼¸ÖÖÉ趨ʹÃüµÄÒªÁì: ½¨ÉèÒ»¸öʹÃü(ĬÈÏÊǽñÌì,ÈôÊÇʱ¼ä´óÓÚÄ¿½ñʱ¼ä»á½¨ÉèÔÚÏÂÒ»Ìì £©

[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# lssoft[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# at 21:17at> mkdir skat> <EOT>job 6 at Wed Nov 14 21:17:00 2018

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ָ׼ʱ¼ä½¨Éè:

[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# at 20:00 2018-11-19at> mkdir happyat> <EOT>job 7 at Mon Nov 19 20:00:00 2018

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´ÓÏÖÔÚ×îÏȼÓʱ¼ä:

[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# at now + 3minat> mkdir helloat> <EOT>job 8 at Wed Nov 14 21:41:00 2018

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Ã÷Ìì11:11 Ö´ÐÐ

[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# at 11:11 tomorrowat> mkdir worldat> <EOT>job 9 at Thu Nov 15 11:11:00 2018

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2ÌìºóµÄÏÂÕ½Êé3.24Ö´ÐÐ

[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# at 3:24 pm +2 daysat> mkdir newat> <EOT>job 11 at Fri Nov 16 15:24:00 2018

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Éó²éʹÃüÁбí(ÏÔʾ»¹Î´Ö´ÐеÄʹÃü £©

[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# atq5  Thu Nov 15 21:11:00 2018 a root

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Éó²éÒ»¸öµ¥¸öµÄʹÃüÐÅÏ¢:(ÓÉÓÚÄÚÈݽ϶àÈ¥µô²¿·ÖÐÅÏ¢)

[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz /]# at -c 7#!/bin/sh# atrun uid=0 gid=0# mail root 0umask 22XDG_SESSION_ID=243; export XDG_SESSION_IDHOSTNAME=iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz; export HOSTNAMESHELL=/bin/bash; export SHELLHISTSIZE=1000; export HISTSIZESSH_CLIENT=113.46.167.195\ 17211\ 22; export SSH_CLIENTSSH_TTY=/dev/pts/0; export SSH_TTYUSER=root; export USERMAVEN_HOME=/usr/local/apache-maven-3.6.0; export MAVEN_HOMEMAIL=/var/spool/mail/root; export MAILPATH=/usr/local/apache-maven-3.6.0/bin:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_191/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin; export PATHPWD=/root; export PWDJAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_191; export JAVA_HOMELANG=zh_CN.UTF-8; export LANGHISTCONTROL=ignoredups; export HISTCONTROLSHLVL=1; export SHLVLHOME=/root; export HOMELOGNAME=root; export LOGNAMECLASSPATH=.:/lib/dt.jar:/lib/tools.jar; export CLASSPATHSSH_CONNECTION=113.46.167.195\ 17211\ 172.17.187.244\ 22; export SSH_CONNECTIONLC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8; export LC_CTYPELESSOPEN=\|\|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh\ %s; export LESSOPENXDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/0; export XDG_RUNTIME_DIRcd /root || {  echo 'Execution directory inaccessible' >&2  exit 1}${SHELL:-/bin/sh} << 'marcinDELIMITER550b4fbb'mkdir happymarcinDELIMITER550b4fbb

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²ÎÊýÚ¹ÊÍ:

5 : ʹÃü±àºÅ

Thu Nov 15 21:11:00 2018 : ʱ¼ä

a : ÐÐÁÐ

root : Ö´ÐÐÓû§

ɾ³ýʹÃü£º

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[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz /]# atq7  Mon Nov 19 20:00:00 2018 a root5  Thu Nov 15 21:11:00 2018 a root11  Fri Nov 16 15:24:00 2018 a root9  Thu Nov 15 11:11:00 2018 a root12  Wed Nov 14 22:11:00 2018 a root

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ɾ³ýʹÃü±àºÅΪ12µÄʹÃü

[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz /]# atrm 12[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz /]# atq7  Mon Nov 19 20:00:00 2018 a root5  Thu Nov 15 21:11:00 2018 a root11  Fri Nov 16 15:24:00 2018 a root9  Thu Nov 15 11:11:00 2018 a root

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cronÊÇlinuxµÄÒ»¸ö׼ʱʹÃüÖ´Ðй¤¾ß,¶øcrondtabÊÇÖÜÆÚÐÔÖ´ÐÐÏÂÁî,crondÔòÊÇ׼ʱʹÃüµÄÊØ»¤Àú³Ì  ¡£

ЧÀÍÆô¶¯
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[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# systemctl status crond¡ñ crond.service - Command Scheduler  Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)  Active: active (running) since ¶þ 2018-11-13 11:50:47 CST; 1 day 10h agoMain PID: 489 (crond)  CGroup: /system.slice/crond.service          ©¸©¤489 /usr/sbin/crond -n11Ô 13 11:50:47 iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz systemd[1]: Started Command Scheduler.11Ô 13 11:50:47 iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz systemd[1]: Starting Command Scheduler...11Ô 13 11:50:47 iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz crond[489]: (CRON) INFO (RANDOM_DELAY will be scaled with factor 7...ed.)11Ô 13 11:50:47 iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz crond[489]: (CRON) INFO (running with inotify support)Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

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ÈôÊÇûÓÐÆô¶¯,Ö´ÐÐsystemctl start crondsystemctl enable crond

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crontabÏÂÁî

Óï·¨ : crontab ²ÎÊý

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        crontab -u   #Ö¸¶¨Óû§µÄcronÐÅÏ¢        crontab -l   #ÁгöÄ¿½ñÓû§ÏµÄcronЧÀ͵ÄÐÅÏ¢        crontab -u user -l   #ÁгöÖ¸¶¨Óû§µÄcronЧÀ͵ÄÐÅÏ¢        crontab -r   #ɾ³ýcronЧÀÍ        crontab -e   #±à¼­cronЧÀÍ        crontab -r -u user   #ɾ³ýÖ¸¶¨Óû§µÄ׼ʱʹÃü

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²Ù×÷:

±à¼­cronЧÀÍ

[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# crontab -ecrontab: installing new crontab

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Éó²éÄ¿½ñÓû§ÏÂʹÃüÄÚÈÝ

[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# crontab -l22 22 22 * * mkdir /linux/test

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ɾ³ýʹÃü

[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# crontab -r[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# crontab -lno crontab for root

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Éó²éqaÕâ¸öÓû§ÏµÄʹÃüÄÚÈÝ

[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# crontab -u qa -l22 22 22 * * mkdir /linux/test

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ɾ³ýqaÕâ¸öÓû§ÏµÄ׼ʱʹÃü

[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# crontab -u qa -r[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# crontab -u qa -lno crontab for qa

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ϵͳµÄʹÃüµ÷ÀíÉèÖÃÎļþÔÚ/etc/crontabÏÂ

[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# ll /etc/crontab-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 451 Nov 15 07:49 /etc/crontab

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[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# cat /etc/crontabSHELL=/bin/bashPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/binMAILTO=root# For details see man 4 crontabs# Example of job definition:# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)# |  .------------- hour (0 - 23)# |  |  .---------- day of month (1 - 31)# |  |  |  .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...# |  |  |  |  .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat# |  |  |  |  |# *  *  *  *  * user-name  command to be executed

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[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz etc]# ll crcron.d/       cron.deny     cron.monthly/ cron.weekly/cron.daily/   cron.hourly/  crontab       crypttab

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#ÿÍíµÄ20:30ÖؼÓÔØnginx30 20 * * * /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload#ÿÔÂ1¡¢10¡¢15ÈÕµÄ5:30ÖؼÓÔØnginx30 5 1,10,15 * * /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  -s reload#ÌìÌì20: 00ÖÁ22 : 00Ö®¼äÿ¸ô30·ÖÖÓÖؼÓÔØnginx0,30 20-22 * * * /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reloadÿÐÇÆÚÁùµÄ10 : 00 pm ÖؼÓÔØnginx0 22* * 6 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  -s reload#ÿһСʱÖؼÓÔØÒ»´Înginx0 */1 * * * /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

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expect

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expectÏÈÈÝ

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  batch cat sf#!/usr/bin/expect -fspawn ssh  root@ipexpect {"yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue}"*password:" { send "passwordstr\r" }}interact

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  batch ./35spawn ssh root@iproot@ip's password:Last login: Sat Jan  5 10:15:56 2019 from 113.46.187.213Welcome to Alibaba Cloud Elastic Compute Service !

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